Abstract:
Religious tolerance is a cornerstone of peaceful coexistence in diverse societies. This paper examines the theological and scriptural foundations of tolerance in Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, exploring how each tradition promotes acceptance and respect for others. Through a comparative analysis of sacred texts—the Qur’an, the Bible, and the Torah—along with key theological teachings, the study identifies common principles and divergent approaches to tolerance. While all three Abrahamic faiths emphasize compassion, justice, and the dignity of human beings, their interpretations and applications of tolerance vary based on historical and doctrinal contexts. Islam advocates for ummah (community) and protection of religious minorities under dhimma, Christianity stresses love for neighbors and forgiveness, and Judaism upholds the concept of tzelem Elohim (humanity created in God’s image) alongside covenantal ethics. The paper also addresses contemporary challenges in practicing interfaith tolerance, including extremism and misinterpretations of religious doctrines. By highlighting shared ethical values and contextual differences, this research contributes to interreligious dialogue and fosters mutual understanding. The findings suggest that reinforcing the theological roots of tolerance can mitigate conflict and promote harmony in pluralistic societies.
Keywords: Religious Tolerance, Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Interfaith Dialogue, Comparative Religion, Theology, Sacred Texts, Coexistence.
